Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a protein that plays a crucial role in neuronal survival, growth, and plasticity, essential for learning and memory. BDNF is primarily located in the brain, and the spinal cord. Specifically, it is found between nerve cells synapses. Cell to cell communication. BDNF is found in several brain regions. It is in the hypocampus, amygdala, cerebellum, and the cerebral cortex.
It's involved in modulating neurotransmitters and is also widely expressed in the gut, and other tissues. Exercise, particularly high-intensity exercise, can significantly increase BDNF levels. It is known for the roles in neurogenesis, neuroprotection, and long term potentiation. BDNF promotes the survival and growth of neurons, helping to maintain and repair the brain's neural network. It stimulates the PI3K/Akt and MAP/ERK pathways.
BDNF acts as a modulator of, neurotransmitter function, influencing how neurons communicate with each other. It activates CREB. CREB induces APE1 expression. Neuronal plasticity is the brain's ability to adapt and change in response to experience, learning, and memory. It protects neurons from oxidative DNA damage induced cell death. BDNF has a role in axonal regeneration and remyelination, too.
While exercise is a primary way to increase BDNF, other factors like sleep, diet, and stress management can also play a role. BDNF binds to TrkB. TrkB triggers intracellular signaling pathways. BDNF levels are associated with various mental health conditions, including depression and anxiety. BDNF can bind p75NTR receptor.
BDNF research shows its role in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
