Human Limbic System versus Artificial Intelligence.

     The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has led to systems that can mimic human-level proficiency in logic, linguistics, and pattern recognition. These capabilities largely mirror the functions of the human cerebral cortex—specifically the prefrontal cortex and the sensory processing centers. There lies a remarkable amount of improvement potential. The effects could reach Internal Identity blurring, and External Perceptual Blurring.

 

     

    However, a fundamental gap remains: the inability of AI to replicate the limbic system. Often referred to as the "emotional brain," the limbic system is a complex network of structures, including the amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, that governs emotion, motivation, and survival instincts. The failure of AI to mimic this system is rooted in biological chemistry, maning a.i. doesn't contain chemicals with chemical functions, evolutionary necessity, meaning a.i. isn't concerned with survival, and the nature of subjective experience., meaning a.i. doesn't place value on different learning processes.

     The most significant barrier to replicating the limbic system is the transition from biological chemistry to digital computation. Human emotion is not merely an electrical signal; it is a holistic physiological state mediated by a "chemical bath" of neurotransmitters and hormones. When a human experiences a limbic response, such as the "fight-or-flight" reflex, the brain is flooded with cortisol and adrenaline. This creates a systemic change that affects memory encoding, heart rate, and physical sensation. In contrast, AI operates in a "dry" environment, utilizing mathematical weights and silicon-based logic gates. While an AI can be programmed to recognize the statistical patterns of "fear" in text, it lacks the biochemical hardware required to "feel" a physiological surge.

     Elaborate. The limbic system is the product of millions of years of evolutionary pressure concentrated on a single objective: survival. The structures within this system, such as the hypothalamus, regulate homeostasis—monitoring hunger, thirst, and sleep to ensure the organism's continued existence.

     The amygdala functions as a biological alarm system, prioritizing threats and rewards based on their impact on survival. AI, however, possesses no biological "self" to preserve. It lacks the intrinsic drive for self-preservation, meaning it has no underlying motivation for its actions beyond the objective functions defined by its programmers. Without a fundamental need to survive, a machine cannot authentically replicate emotions like fear, desire, or bonding, These are all evolutionary adaptations meant to sustain life.

     The concept of qualia, or subjective conscious experience, presents an insurmountable hurdle for current AI architectures. The limbic system is the seat of phenomenology—the internal "what it is like" to experience something. As am example, a human does not merely register the presence of glucose.  The limbic system translates that data into the sensation of pleasure. AI can achieve a perfect semantic understanding of a concept like "grief" or "joy" by analyzing vast datasets.  Though, it remains trapped within the syntax of language. It can describe the experience with high fidelity without ever touching the actual feeling. This "semantic gap" ensures that while AI can simulate the outward expression of emotion, the internal, subjective reality remains uniquely biological.

    Among a wide variety of functions, lets concentrate on three of the most basic chemical function mechanisms in the limbic system. Three example reasons why A.I. isn't able to relay the full human presence.  Dopaminergic Reward and Motivation Mechanism, Serotonergic Modulation of Emotional States, Glutamatergic Long-Term Potentiation.

      The Dopaminergic Reward and Motivation Mechanism is where dopamine acts as a primary neurotransmitter for reward, pleasure, and motivation.  This is within the limbic system, in the nucleus accumbens, and ventral tegmental area (VTA).  When a reward is anticipated or received, dopaminergic neurons in the VTA project to the nucleus accumbens, releasing dopamine to reinforce behaviors.  This mechanism regulates reward-based decision-making, motivation, and addiction. Dysfunction can result in apathy or increased craving for stimuli; addiction.

    In the Serotonergic Modulation of Emotional States, Serotonin (5-HT) is crucial for regulating mood, appetite, and emotional well-being.  High concentrations of serotonergic axons terminating in the amygdala, septal nuclei, and lateral areas of the limbic system.  Serotonergic projections from the midbrain, dorsal and median raphe nuclei, modulate the activity of limbic structures, often acting as a "neuromodulator" volume transmission.  It is highly involved in regulating fear, anxiety, and depression. A lack of serotonin modulation, particularly in the amygdala, is associated with depression and high anxiety levels.

    The Glutamatergic Long-Term Potentiation is aimed toward memory and fear.  Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, driving the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation (LTP). LTP is essential for learning and memory formation in the hippocampus and amygdala. Glutamate-driven LTP increases the strength of synaptic connections between neurons, allowing for memory consolidation and emotional memory associations.   This mechanism is critical for forming lasting emotional memories, such as fear conditioning in the amygdala, and memory storage, in the hippocampus.

    These three basic chemical mechanisms are frequently influenced by other neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine, alertness and stress, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).  GABA provides inhibitory control over these excitatory processes.

     In conclusion, while AI continues to master the executive and analytical functions of the human cortex, the limbic system remains a distinct biological frontier. The intersection of biochemistry, evolutionary survival instincts, and subjective experience creates a depth of consciousness that mathematical algorithms cannot yet reach. As long as AI remains a tool of logic rather than a product of biological evolution, the visceral, emotional essence of the human experience will remain beyond its grasp.

     Will A.I. continue to reach and surpass all expectations?

The Gallon of Gainer: Bulking Strategy

     Stay in shape.  Build muscles.  Let's talk about packing on some serious size – and fast!  In the relentless pursuit of bigger muscles and a stronger physique, the topic of rapid bulking often surfaces. 

     Today, we're diving deep into one such method: the audacious idea of consuming a gallon of weight gainer, mixed with milk, in a single day. Sound intense? It is. There is a method to this madness?

     The "Gallon of Gainer" Concept: A Modern Take on GOMAD.

     For those in the iron game, the acronym GOMAD (Gallon Of Milk A Day) might ring a bell. It's an old bulking strategy based on slamming down a whole gallon of milk daily to flood the body with calories and protein. Our "gallon of gainer" concept takes a similar, hyper-caloric approach, swapping out plain milk for a potent mix of weight gainer powder and milk.

     Financially, a week's worth of this high-octane concoction can cost roughly the same as a standard weekly supply of pre-mixed weight gainer. We're talking about potentially packing in thousands of extra calories for a similar investment.

     Serious Mass, Serious Gains.

     Optimum Nutrition's Serious Mass is a popular choice. A 3lb tub, costing around $29, provides about four servings. Each double-scoop serving delivers a whopping 1, 250+ calories, 50g of protein, and a hefty dose of carbohydrates, plus creatine and essential vitamins.

     Two half-gallons of lactose-free whole milk is a better option for digestive comfort.  Basically, this is a mega-calorie shake.

     Protein Absorption: Busting the Myths.

     Good news for those considering this high-protein approach.  A recent research suggests our bodies can absorb and utilize significantly more protein in a single serving than previously thought. Forget the old 20-25 gram saturation point; newer studies indicate benefits for muscle protein synthesis even with intakes as high as 100 grams, especially post-resistance training. That's exactly what this strategy encourages: fueling up for and recovering from heavy lifting.

     The Importance of Heavy Sets and Lactose Considerations.

     This mega shake is paired with serious resistance training, and heavy sets with free weights. This ensures those extra calories and protein are channeled towards muscle repair and growth, rather than just fat storage.

     The DIY Approach: Mixing Your Gallon of Gains.

     How do you actually concoct this behemoth of a shake?  Use a 2-gallon container, an empty 6 lbs. gainer tub is a great DIY solution.  Employ a powder funnel, and gradually mix the 3 lbs. tub of weight gainer with the gallon of milk, shaking or stirring, thoroughly.

     The consumption strategy is aggressive.  Drink this throughout the day, including with breakfast, before your workout to fuel your lifts, and after your workout as part of your recovery. Then, simply observe the results.

     The Goal: Bulking.

     In weight training terms, bulking means intentionally creating a calorie surplus while engaging in intense resistance training to maximize muscle mass and overall body weight gain. Incorporating a hyper-caloric day like this into your weekly routine is suggested to yield positive results in this department.

      Perspectives from the Trenches.

       To get a well-rounded view, let's consider how different individuals might perceive this "gallon of gains" approach.

     The Teacher: "From an educational standpoint, this presents a fascinating case study in extreme nutrition. While rapid bulking might appeal to some, it's crucial to understand the long-term implications and the importance of a balanced diet rich in whole foods. We need to discuss the potential risks associated with such a high intake of processed supplements and the importance of individualized nutritional needs. It’s about fostering informed decision-making based on scientific understanding, not just chasing quick fixes."

     The Friend: "Whoa, a whole gallon of gainer in a day? That sounds intense! If you're gonna try this, man, promise me you'll listen to your body. Don't just force it down if you're feeling sick. And are you really gonna be hitting the gym hard enough to justify all those extra calories? Let's make sure we're pushing some serious weight together so it actually goes to muscle. Just be careful, alright? Gains are good, but feeling like crap isn't."

     The Athlete: "As an athlete, I'm always looking for a competitive edge. A strategy like this could be useful during a specific off-season bulking phase where rapid size and strength gains are the issue. The high calorie and protein content, combined with intense training, could lead to noticeable improvements. However, I'd be meticulous about monitoring my body composition to ensure I'm not just adding excessive fat. It's about functional strength and power, so the training needs to be dialed in just as much as the nutrition."

     The Gym Enthusiast: "The 'gallon of gains'… yeah, I've heard whispers of this kind of thing. It's definitely a shortcut to a calorie surplus. For someone struggling to eat enough to bulk, this could be a game-changer. The lactose-free milk suggestion is smart for avoiding the dreaded gainer gut. But let's be real, this only works if you're absolutely destroying it in the gym. You can't just drink a gallon of this stuff and expect to magically grow. It's fuel for the fire, and the fire needs to be raging with heavy lifts and consistent effort. Get ready for some serious pumps – and maybe some serious bathroom breaks!"

     The Takeaway: Proceed with Caution and Intensity.

  

     The "gallon of gains" approach to  bulking is undoubtedly an extreme strategy. It offers a potentially cost-effective way to flood your system with calories and protein, setting the stage for muscle growth when combined with intense resistance training. However, it's crucial to consider individual tolerance, potential digestive issues, and the importance of pairing this dietary approach with a well-structured and demanding workout routine.

Get swollen!

Symbiosis: Nature’s Collaborative Masterpiece

     Symbiosis, the intimate relationship between different species, is one of nature’s most fascinating and ingenious strategies for survival. From the depths of the ocean to the cells within our bodies, symbiotic relationships are everywhere, shaping ecosystems and driving evolution. These partnerships, often mutually beneficial, highlight the interconnectedness of life and reveal how cooperation can be as powerful as competition. In this article, we’ll explore some of the most remarkable examples of symbiosis, from the microscopic world of cyanobacteria and protists to the visible alliances between anglerfish and bacteria, clownfish and sea anemones, and even humans and gut bacteria. By understanding these relationships, we gain a deeper appreciation for the complexity and beauty of life on Earth.

     One of the most profound examples of symbiosis is the relationship between cyanobacteria and protists. Cyanobacteria, often referred to as blue-green algae, are ancient microorganisms capable of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. When cyanobacteria formed an endosymbiotic relationship with protists—single-celled eukaryotic organisms—it led to one of the most significant evolutionary events in Earth’s history.  

     In this relationship, cyanobacteria were engulfed by protists but instead of being digested, they became permanent residents within the host cell. Over time, these cyanobacteria evolved into chloroplasts, the organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants. This endosymbiotic event not only allowed protists to harness sunlight for energy but also laid the foundation for the evolution of all photosynthetic plants. As one biology blog explains, “This symbiotic relationship is considered a key evolutionary event, as it is believed that the chloroplasts found in plants originated from an ancient endosymbiotic event where a cyanobacterium was engulfed by a eukaryotic protist ancestor.”  

     The benefits of this partnership are immense. Cyanobacteria provide protists with oxygen and nutrients through photosynthesis, while the protist offers a protected environment. Additionally, some cyanobacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen, converting it into a form that the host can use, which is particularly advantageous in nitrogen-poor environments. This relationship has contributed to the incredible diversity of photosynthetic protists, including many types of algae, which play a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems.

     In the dark depths of the ocean, where sunlight cannot penetrate, the anglerfish has evolved a unique way to attract prey: bioluminescence. This remarkable ability is made possible by a symbiotic relationship with bioluminescent bacteria. These bacteria reside in the anglerfish’s lure, a specialized organ that dangles from its head like a fishing rod.  Smithsonian

     The bacteria produce light through a chemical reaction, creating a glowing lure that attracts unsuspecting prey. In return, the bacteria receive a safe habitat and nutrients from the anglerfish. This partnership is a perfect example of mutualism, where both parties benefit. As one researcher noted, “The anglerfish’s bioluminescent lure is a stunning example of how symbiosis can drive evolutionary innovation, allowing species to thrive in even the most challenging environments.”

     The vibrant relationship between clownfish and sea anemones is another iconic example of symbiosis. Clownfish, with their bright orange and white stripes, live among the venomous tentacles of sea anemones, which provide protection from predators. The anemone’s stinging cells, which would harm most other fish, do not affect the clownfish due to a protective mucus layer on their skin.  

     In return, clownfish help the anemone by eating leftover food particles and parasites, and their waste provides nutrients for the anemone. This mutualistic relationship ensures the survival of both species in the competitive coral reef environment. As marine biologists have observed, “The clownfish and sea anemone partnership is a beautiful demonstration of how two species can evolve to depend on each other for survival.”  

     Termites are known for their ability to break down cellulose, the tough material found in wood. However, termites cannot digest cellulose on their own. Instead, they rely on a complex symbiotic relationship with bacteria and protozoa living in their guts. These microorganisms produce enzymes that break down cellulose into simpler sugars, which the termites can then absorb and use for energy.  

     This relationship is a testament to the power of teamwork in nature. Without their bacterial partners, termites would be unable to access the nutrients locked in wood, and their role as decomposers in ecosystems would be severely limited. As one study notes, “The termite gut is a microcosm of symbiosis, where bacteria and protozoa work together to perform a task that neither could accomplish alone.”

     Even humans are part of the web of symbiotic relationships. Our gut is home to trillions of bacteria, collectively known as the gut microbiota, which play a crucial role in digestion, immune function, and overall health. One of the most well-known groups of gut bacteria is Lactobacillus, which helps break down food, produce vitamins, and protect against harmful pathogens.  

     In return, these bacteria receive a steady supply of nutrients and a stable environment to thrive. This symbiotic relationship is so vital that disruptions to the gut microbiota have been linked to various health issues, including digestive disorders, obesity, and even mental health conditions. As scientists have discovered, “The human gut microbiota is a prime example of how symbiosis shapes our biology, influencing everything from metabolism to mood.”

     Symbiosis is a testament to the power of collaboration in nature. From the microscopic world of cyanobacteria and protists to the glowing partnership between anglerfish and bacteria, these relationships reveal how life on Earth is deeply interconnected. Each example of symbiosis highlights the ingenuity of evolution, demonstrating how species can adapt and thrive by working together.  Scientific American 

     As we continue to study these relationships, we gain not only a deeper understanding of biology but also valuable insights into how we can address challenges in medicine, agriculture, and environmental conservation. Symbiosis reminds us that cooperation is a fundamental principle of life, and by embracing this principle, we can unlock new possibilities for the future.

     By exploring the wonders of symbiosis, we are reminded of the beauty and resilience of life, and the endless possibilities that arise when we work together.

A.I. music generators

     Tis the season...

     With a couple of days off of work I had to find some things to stay busy with.  A.I. tech is interesting to have.   I've only been scraping the top.  The free stuff.  Well, I paid $10.00 for a one month subscription to a music creator.

     Music creators are giving real music artists a run for their money.  Some creations make you think the artists were already using A.I..

     Here's are some site suggestions:

     Best AI Music Generator Software in 2024

• AI music generator software available in 2024, categorized into text-to-music, AI MIDI generators, AI voice generators, AI DAWs, and AI audio-to-MIDI converters.

• Leading text-to-music software includes Suno AI, Udio, SoundGen, and Riffusion, each offering unique features like genre fusion, audio-to-audio style transfer, and photo-to-song generation;  pricing models vary from free plans to subscription services.

• For AI MIDI generation, HookPad Aria and Lemonaide are highlighted, providing tools for creating MIDI melodies and chord progressions within DAWs or as standalone applications, catering to different user needs and skill levels.

• The landscape of AI voice generation is evolving rapidly, with tools like ACE Studio offering lyric-to-vocal-melody generation, complementing text-to-song options and enabling more comprehensive song prototyping.

• AI DAWs such as Logic Pro 2 and WavTool are integrating AI features, including session musicians, stem separation, and GPT-4 powered music production assistants, enhancing the creative process for musicians.

• AI audio-to-MIDI converters, exemplified by Samplab 2, facilitate the conversion of audio files into MIDI data, enabling easier editing and manipulation of musical elements for producers and musicians.

(https://www.audiocipher.com/post/ai-music-app)

These are a few songs I generated:

-Nim- Swegi A.I. mix, Pop music

(Nim)

-Lass Slice- Swegi A.I. mix, Female Rap music

(Lass Slice)

-Iron- Swegi A.I. mix, Rap, Gym music

(Iron)

     I thinks it's cool to be able to alternate the rhetoric I'm memorizing in my music.  I can quickly generate my own music from lyrics to beats. Quickly. Any topic.

     It's a hobby , like drawing, to say the least.

     Have fun with A.I. Create, and enjoy.

To Purchase an EV, or to not Purchase an EV, 2023.

     An EV is defined as a vehicle that can be powered by an electric motor that draws electricity from a battery and is capable of being charged from an external source. (IEA.org)

     The choices are extensive in 2023.  Choose wisely.

     Some newer, up to date models have long waiting lists. You can buy a used EV right off the lot, right now, though.

     EVs are the right choice if you want to help the environment by cutting emissions.

     In comparison, combustion engines have more repair costs than EVs. Although, the EV trade off in repair costs hasn't completely been charted, yet.  Mechanics for combustion vehicles are everywhere.  You might go to an EV station to get it repaired and there might be only one EV mechanic.

     EVs began with a bad wrap.  To be nice, the original Prius was very ugly.  Current EVs are more normal and brand worthy.

     The ranked Best Used Electric Cars 2023:
1. Nissan Leaf
2. Tesla Model S
3. Tesla Model 3

     Other EVs 2023:
BMW i3
Chevrolet Bolt EV
Kia Niro EV
Hyundai Kona Electric
Volkswagen e-Golf
Kia Soul EV
Jaguar I-Pace
Ford Mustang Mach-E

     In general, the more range on a single full charge, the bigger the battery, and the higher the price of the car.  The average price, right now, for an electric vehicle is more than $60,000. That’s before incentives, rebates, and tax credits from the state, federal and local government. Tax credits can add up to a $10,000 savings per car, depending on the vehicle and in many cases, a buyer’s income.

     The key to not spending so much money when going used is to make sure the original seller is giving you all of the original charging equipment. It becomes extremely costly to have to purchase new EV charging equipment.  In a sample EV search, the battery specifications weren't listed online. Make sure it is an asking point, and possibly a bargaining point at the dealership. (Consumer reports)

     The range on older EVs tends to be fairly low.

     Ask the sales people if the battery is new. Obtain battery maintenance paperwork. New EV battery replacement is expensive. Basic battery warranties on EVs are more or less than 8 years or 100,000 miles.

     Estimate your needed charge range. As previously, the newer the EV, the longer the range. Is the vehicle for business use?  Is the vehicle for personal use?   Think about the convenience of your access to charging stations. You should have one charging station at home, and you should have other charging stations on your daily route. Charging stations have different levels: one, two, and three. Also, consider the charging speed of your charge station. Are you ready to spend all day sitting there, or would you rather charge your car, all night, at home? You won't miss the ease of access to gas stations until they're no longer an option. Metropolitan cities have a variety of charging stations while some cities don't have any at all.

     EVs are available with top ranges from about 100 miles to more than 500 miles.

     Although the warranty is 8 years/ 100,000 miles, the first 5 years are the best miles in a new EV.  After 5 years, or so, the mileage per charge reduces drastically.

     Area electric charging compatibility inconveniences can become a problem.  Charger locations can be unsuitable. It takes a long time to charge a car.  Depending on the vehicle and the charger, it can take from half an hour to several hours for a full charge. Public chargers don't always work perfectly, the same as gas station pumps.

     Tax credits are available for EV drivers.  Yes, there are nice tax incentives for EV owners. Research state tax credits details.  Make sure that the Make, and Model of your EV dwells underneath the requirements to receive a tax break.

     Some researchers say an EV costs more to use and fill up than it does to fill up a gas powered car.  The cost for a new EV battery can be upwards of $15,000. These statistics can change based on the economy.

     Noticeably, how fun is it to sit for 35 minutes to recharge your car versus 3 minutes to fuel up a combustion car?  Take a guess.

Quick example Used EV Search comparison:

(Google search conducted 9/2023) 

1) used EV highest price: CarMax.com: 2022 TESLA X $90,998, 8K mi, $799 shipping, (battery specifications not mentioned), red/white

2) used EV highest price: CarMax.com: 2022 TESLA X $89,998, 52K mi, $1,899 shipping, (battery specifications not mentioned), white/grey

3) used EV highest price: CarMax.com: 2021 TESLA S Plaid $87,998, 52K mi, $1,099 shipping, (battery specifications not mentioned), red/white

---
1) used EV lowest price: CarMax.com: 2014 SPARK EV LT $11,599, 52K mi, $799 shipping, (battery specifications not mentioned), white/black

2) used EV lowest price: CarMax.com: 2015 FORD FOCUS ELECTRIC $11,998, 15K mi, $1,099 shipping, (battery specifications not mentioned), white/black

3) used EV lowest price: CarMax.com: 2014 BMW I3 $15,998, 17K mi, $1,099 shipping, (battery specifications not mentioned), red/white

---
1) used EV highest price: Carvana.com: 2020 PORSCHE TAYCAN $91,990, 5K mi, $990 shipping, AC electric motor, grey

2) used EV lowest price: Carvana.com: 2023 BMW iX $86,990, 52K mi, $1,490 shipping, AC electric motor, grey

3) used EV highest price: Carvana.com: 2022 RIVIAN R1T $72,990, 18K mi, $0 shipping, AC electric motor, green

---
1) used EV lowest price: Carvana.com: 2012 NISSAN LEAF $10,990, 32K mi, $1,490 shipping, AC electric motor, white

2) used EV lowest price: Carvana.com: 2014 MITSUBISHI iMiEVi $11,990, 59K mi, $0 shipping, AC electric battery, grey

3)used EV lowest price: CarMax.com: FORD FOCUS $11,990, 28K mi, $1,190 shipping, AC electric motor, white 

     

     In conclusion, an electric vehicle is a nice choice if you have the available funds. Money is always an issue, but in this case, it seems to be the only deciding issue.  Convenience is a heavy trade-off. EVs are quiet and very modern. If you have the money you don't really need the tax credits.  Always research customer comments.  Dealing with climate change, in 2023, is a really good argument in favor of an EV. 

     Test drive at least 3 different EVs.  Check out some comparison videos, too.

     To buy or not to buy an EV, 2023.

VPN (virtual private network)

     VPN (virtual private network)

is a technology that allows you to create a secure network tunnel between your computer and a remote server.

     Using a VPN service:

1. Sign up for a VPN service.
2. Create an account.
3. Download the app or specific software for your chosen VPN service on all of your devices.
4. Log in to the account you made when signing up for the VPN service.
5. Depending on what service you selected, you might be asked for a security key or two-step authentication code.
6. Once in the app, connect to a VPN server.
7. Once connected, run a speed test.
8. Look for a tutorial to guide you.

     When you are connected to the VPN, all of your internet traffic will be sent through the VPN server. This will hide your IP address and make it difficult for anyone to track your browsing activity. The activity is hidden through encryption.

Best of the best VPN:

1. PRIVATE INTERNET ACCESS

2. CYBERGHOST

3. TORGUARD VPN

4. NORDVPN

5. IPVANISH

6. VPN UNLIMITED SOLID

7. EXPRESS VPN

8. SURFSHARK

9. WINDSCRIBE

10. HOTSPOT SHIELD

     Secure network issues list among things in the nature of worms and viruses, account privilege abuse, insufficient defense in depth, unworthy IT management, and ransomware attack.

     IP addresses are target security breach points.  "Bill Hancock, known of Exodus Communications Inc. in Santa Clara, Calif., on filtering techniques.  We utilize several.

     Edge-router filters to block traffic from bogus addresses or SYN attacks at the edge of the network.

     Rate-limiting filters to stop incoming connection requests to protect against high volume attacks.

     Traffic-flow analysis to detect inbound connections that match known attacks or to backtrack to source for prosecution.

     Traffic and Domain Name System (DNS) redirection to redirect attacks coming at them via high speed hardware aimed at the DNS server.

     Host-based firewalls to protect against direct denial-of-service attacks by filtering out known types of attacks." (Computer world)

     A VPN is the easiest and most effective way for people to protect their internet traffic and keep their identities private online. As you connect to a secure VPN server, your internet traffic goes through an encrypted tunnel that nobody can see into, including hackers, governments, and your internet service provider.

Adapt, get secure, stay smart.

The Formula for Interest Rate and Compound Interest Rate

     The amount charged by a lender to a borrower for a debt is called Interest Rate. It's a percentage. (Accountingtools.com)

     Interest rates are applied to borrowed items.  Common borrowed items with Interest rates applied are cash, accounts, vehicles, and buildings.  Another term for interest rate is lease rate. (Investopedia.com)

     The I.R. is supposed to cover the risk.  It is the  charge for the use of the item borrowed.  I.R. is described as compensation of a loss of opportunity.

     The rate is divided into a period of time.  The unit rate is set according to the lender.  The time is usually annually, or yearly.  There are formulas.
 

Simple Interest -  Principal x Rate x Time

Compound Interest - Principal (1 + Interest)^Time

Let's look at some examples.

1)  Aunt Sally has $100 in her bank. After one year, she has withdrawn a total of $20 and she still has $85 in the bank. What is the yearly interest rate of her bank account?

Answer: 6.25%

Explanation:  Since Sally has withdrawn $20, that means she only has $80 in her account.

80 + 80x = 85

80x = 5

x = 5 / 80

x = 0.0625

6.25%

---

2)  If an entrepreneur borrows $200,000 at an interest rate of 6% compounded annually, when she profits in 4 years, how much money will she owe? Round to the nearest dollar.

Answer:  $252,495

Explanation:  A = P(1+r)^t

A is the amount of money owed, 

P is the sum borrowed, 

r is the yearly interest rate, 

n is the amount of times the interest is compounded per year, and 

t is the number of years.  

A = $200,000 (1+0.061)^4

A = $252,495

---


3)  Dillon borrows $200,000 at an interest rate of 6% compounded quarterly, when she graduates in 4 years how much money will she owe? Round to the nearest dollar.

Answer: $253,797

Explanation: A = P(1+r)^t

P = $200,000

r = 6% =0.06

t = 4

A = $200,000 (1+0.064)^4

A = $253,797

     I.R. (interest rate) is the amount charged by a lender toward a debt in a percentage.

Liver Fibrosis and WISP1 antibody inhibited MRTF signaling.

     Fibrosis is the major risk factor associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, (NASH), chronic liver disease.  NASH fat cells cause liver scarring which can lead to cirrhosis, and possibly cancer.  JCI.

     Liver fibrosis is the scarring of the liver tissue.  This is the first stage of liver deterioration.   The liver functions decrease until there is nothing left.  Liver failure ensues.

     Research has been unable to clearly establish the initiation mediators.  There are treatments available.  NIH.

     After a biopsy, doctors will usually assign a level of affect.  METAVIR is a popular scoring system.  A0: no activity; A1: mild activity; A2: moderate activity; A3: severe activity.  F0: no fibrosis; F1: portal fibrosis without septa; F2: portal fibrosis with few septa; F3: numerous septa without cirrhosis; F4: cirrhosis.

     With status assignment a pathway appears, involving WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) and myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF). Nature.com.  This protein pathway functions as a central mechanism pushing liver fibrosis progression.  This occurs via the integrin-dependent transcriptional reprogramming of myofibroblast cytoskeleton and motility.

     Regulation of WISP proteins could improve treatments for cancer patients.

     Liver fibrosis patients are given antifibrotics.  Antifibrotics are prescribed medications which have been shown to reduce the likelihood that liver scarring will occur. 

     Research is ongoing.  In mice, WISP1 protein deficiency protects against fibrosis progression, but not fibrosis onset.  Treatment is available.  The cure hasn't been found, yet.  The therapeutic administration of a novel antibody blocking WISP1 halted the progression of existing liver fibrosis in NASH models. 

     Research on the eradication of fibrosis leads to the WISP1-MRTF axis.  This is the key to liver fibrosis progression. The aim is to target the pathway with antibody-based therapy.  Apply WISP1.  Stop MRTF. Slow down NASH.

     Thus, WISP1 antibody inhibition of MRTF signaling will prevent progression and treat NASH fibrosis. 

 

Salad and Fish

     Solution:  Salad and Fish.  The solution has been presented before the problem has been determined.

     We wake up every morning, still tired.  Sleep inertia is the feeling of grogginess, disorientation, drowsiness, and cognitive impairment that immediately follows waking up. Loss of R.E.M. sleep produces an increase in delta wave brain activity. High levels of adenosine occur.  There is also a state of reduced blood flow.

         

          "Diet and nutrition can influence the quality of your sleep, and certain foods and drinks can make it easier or harder to get the sleep that you need." (Sleep foundation.org)

     Sleep inertia is from a lack of key nutrients.  Calcium, magnesium, and vitamins A, C, D, E, and K are key nutrients.  The daily vitamin pill is excellent. (VITAMIN SHOPPE)

     The fastest way to bypass discombobulation is with a constantly healthy diet.  Breakfast is essential.  Lunch can remain small.  Dinner is the big meal. 

     Meal prep speed can interfere in your meal planning.  Try ready made meals at your neighborhood grocery store.  HEB has a MEAL SIMPLE section in their grocery stores. (HEB foods). Load up on an order on INSTACART and it's that easy to stock up on plenty of salad and fish. (Instacart.com)

     A healthy meal is part of a heaalthy diet that maintains or improves overall health. A healthy diet provides the body with essential nutrition: fluid, macronutrient protein, vitamins, adequate fiber, and energy.  Exercise regularly, too.

     A personal salad, or single serving proportion, is a mere 14 calories.

     Produce and seafood are packed with vitamins, minerals, essential fatty acids, and antioxidants.  Salad and Fish are low in calories. Certain types of fish and salad are more healthy than others.

     Tossed salad-  it is a salad made of greens, romaine lettuce, often with added vegetables (such as sliced tomato and cucumber) tossed in an oil dressing.
Ingredients:  

2 cups lettuce
1 sliced tomato
1 diced boiled egg
1/2 cup low fat American cheese
1/3 cucumber diced

     Caesar salad- it is a salad typically consisting of romaine lettuce and croutons served with a dressing containing olive oil, lemon juice, raw egg, parmesan cheese, and seasoning.

Ingredients:

1 cup Caesar dressing

2 bunches romaine, torn into bite-size pieces

2 cups Caesar or garlic-flavored croutons

2/3 cup freshly grated Parmesan cheese

Freshly ground pepper

     Leafy green salad- it is a simple green salad and is made with romaine lettuce and baby spinach and can be thrown together in minutes to round out any meal.

Ingredients:
1 cup lettuce

1 cup spinach

     Greek salad-  ,or horiatiki salad, is a popular salad in Greek cuisine generally made with pieces of tomatoes, cucumbers, onion, green bell pepper slices, feta cheese, and olives and dressed with salt, Greek oregano, and olive oil. A common addition is caper berries.
Ingredients:

6 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil

2 tablespoons fresh lemon juice

1/2 teaspoon chopped garlic

1 teaspoon red wine vinegar

1/2 teaspoon dried oregano or 1 teaspoon chopped fresh oregano

1/2 teaspoon dried dill or 1 teaspoon chopped fresh dill

Salt and freshly ground black pepper

3 large plum tomatoes, seeded and coarsely chopped

3/4 cucumber, peeled, seeded, and coarsely chopped

1/2 red onion, chopped

1 bell pepper, seeded and coarsely chopped

1/2 cup pitted black olives (preferably brine-cured), coarsely chopped

Heaping 1/2 cup crumbled feta cheese

     Cobb salad- it is lettuce topped with pieces of chicken, cheese, bacon, hard-boiled egg, avocado, and tomato, typically served as a main course.
2 cups lettuce

Ingredients:

1/3 c. red wine vinegar

1 tbsp. Dijon mustard

2/3 c. extra-virgin olive oilKosher saltFreshly ground black pepper

1 head romaine lettuce, coarsely chopped

4 hard-boiled eggs, peeled and quartered

12 oz. cooked chicken, diced

8 slices bacon, cooked and crumbled

1 avocado, thinly sliced

4 oz. crumbled blue cheese

5 oz. cherry tomatoes, halved

2 tbsp. finely chopped chives

     The family of dark green leafy vegetables deliver many nutrients, such as vitamin A, vitamin C, antioxidants, fiber, folate, vitamin K, magnesium, calcium, iron and potassium.  Green leafy vegetables are great for so many different ailments.  One function is to naturally detox the liver.  One popular detox shake contains kale, collards, and spinach.

     ATLANTIC SALMON

     Most supermarket Atlantic salmon is farmed and is available year-round whole, in fillets, or as cross-cut steaks (pictured), Atlantic salmon has a meaty texture and mild flavor that pairs well with fragrant herbs like dill or chives.  3 ounces; 175 calories. Salmon is loaded with important nutrients, such as protein and vitamin d. Salmon is also a great source of omega-3 fatty acids, which are incredibly important for your brain and body.  Salmon is loaded with important nutrients, such as protein and vitamin D. Salmon is also a great source of omega-3 fatty acids, which are incredibly important for your body and brain.

     COD-

     Fresh cod is available year-round from cold North American and European waters. In recent years, shrinking stocks have been closely monitored. Cod’s medium-size flakes and mild flavor make it very versatile.

     CATFISH-

     Most catfish sold in the U.S. are farmed in the Mississippi delta, although imports from Asia are on the rise. Wild catfish can have a muddy flavor, but farmed catfish tastes cleaner and milder. Fillets should be white to off-white; avoid fish that is yellow.

     HADDOCK-

     A member of the cod family, haddock has firm, mild flesh that is perfect for fried fish and chips. Finnan haddie, or cold-smoked haddock, is particularly popular in Scotland.

     In a search for the most suitable salad and fish diet, you will find an overabundance of information.  A perfect salad and fish diet is waiting for you.

     Bad health, sleeplessness, headaches, fatigue, mood swings, and irritability rate high on a list of problems compounded daily.  The easiest solution is salad and fish.

     Open your menu at restaurants and stop on the salad section.  Alternate your "build a burger" with a piece of fish meat patty substitute.  Fast food joints are in on the solution too.  Look for the fish sandwiches.  Search for the side salads.  They are there.  The results include better moods, improved health, more protein, great sleep, high amounts of energy, and glowing skin.  

     Salad and fish.  Try it.  Save it in your meal schedule. 

Short Run Earnings: How to Calculate Total Revenue

Short run earnings AP Microeconomics
Short-Run Supply


          "Revenue is the amount of money a company receives in exchange for its goods and services or conversely, what a customer pays a company for its goods or services. The revenue received by a company is usually listed on the first line of the income statement as revenue, sales, net sales, or net revenue." Investopedia.com


     The bottom line is net income.  How is a company functioning?  Is it well?  How are the earnings? 

     Revenue analysis determines how well marketing strategies are working.  Revenue calculations demonstrate price changes affecting the demand for the product, and a multitude of other insights.

     Determine the consumers' product demand.  Determine the production costs.

     Profits are total revenues minus total costs.

     Objective:
     Calculate the amount of output to supply in order to maximize profits.

     Based on a perfectly competitive market: 

     Total Revenue (TR)-
     P x Q


          Ex.  If P = $10, and Q = 2, then

          Total Revenue = P x Q
          Total Revenue = $10 x 2
          Total Revenue = $20


     Marginal Revenue (MR)-
     TR changes in response to a 1-unit change in the firm's output. Perfectly competitive market.  Increase output by 1 unit, it
increases TR by P × 1 = P 

     MR is equal to the market price, P.


     Short‐run profit maximization:
     -maximize profits (marginal revenue equals its marginal cost)

     -marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost (greater profits by increasing output)

     -marginal revenue is below marginal cost (losing money, must reduce output)



          Ex. What is the result of a product price increase on the elastic portion of a demand curve?

          -An increase in total revenue.
          -A decrease in quantity demanded.
          -Movement toward a portion of the demand curve that is more elastic.

          On the elastic portion of the demand curve an increase in price will increase total revenue.  The price effect is greater than the quantity effect.  Quantity will still decrease.



     Calculating revenue is easy. Revenue analysis is extremely valuable. Accountants manipulate the numbers according to statement comprehension.

p53 Tumor Suppressor

     P53 defined (Medline Plus). 

     P53 is a gene that makes a protein found inside the nucleus of cells.   It controls cell division and cell death.  Its molecular mass is in the 53 kilodaltons.  It's found on the seventh chromosome, 17p.

     A mutated p53 gene causes cancer cells to grow in the body.  A mutation is an alteration in the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA. 

     The p53 gene is a tumor suppressor gene. This tumor suppressor gene is also called TP53 gene and tumor protein p53 gene.

     All cells have a nucleus, therefore p53 is found throughout the body.  It has an important duty.  In the immune system, lymph nodes defend against contaminations of our cellular processes.  P53 is the backup.  It destroys cancers and precancers.

     Cellular stress activated p53 can implement DNA repair, stop cell division, and start apoptosis.  Cellular stressors include extreme temperatures, toxic exposure, mechanism damage, and some viral infections.  P53 has a full schedule.  There are major problems when p53 isn't working.

     Mutations are pushed into action in the absence of p53.  Cancers proliferate.  Cancer cells can spread through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.

     This tumor suppressor is a very popular research topic.  P53 related cancers are difficult to treat. Chemotherapy uses chemical agents to stop cancer cells from growing. Chemotherapy won't destroy them.  Immunotherapy uses the power of the body’s own immune system to prevent, control, and eliminate cancer.  Immunotherapy won't destroy them. (cancer.org)

     MDM2 is a regulatory protein that binds inactive p53. MDM2 is a transcriptional target. p53 binds the first intron of the MDM2 gene to transcriptionally induce the expression of MDM2. This is an auto-regulatory negative feedback loop with MDM2.  When cellular stress is present, MDM2 releases p53.  The tumor suppressor places the nucleus under siege.

     The tetramer binds the required DNA sequences. P53 is a phosphoprotein.  It is 393 amino acids.  Each domain has a job.  It can either: activate transcription,  find the recognizable sequences, start protein tetramerization, or sort the damaged base pairs.  (nature.com)

     P53 could pause cell division.  Repair insues.  Cell death can take place, also.  50% of all human tumors contain p53 mutants.  Mutant p53 proteins not only lose their tumor suppressive activities but often gain additional oncogenic functions that endow cells with growth and survival advantages.

     Unchecked cells give rise to tumor growth.  TP53 gene mutation leads to misfolded proteins.  An overpopulated presence of MDM2 deactivates p53.

     Research is finding ways to overcome, though.  There are therapies that reactivate p53.  There are drugs looking to take part in the war on cancer.  

     Chemotherapy added to immunotherapy makes up combination therapy.  This is powerful.  It's not a permanent solution, yet.

     P53 is a tumor suppressor.  

          "A tumor suppressor gene directs the production of a protein that is part of the system that regulates cell division. The tumor suppressor protein plays a role in keeping cell division in check." (Genome)

Bitcoin Outlook 2022

          "On 3 January 2009, the Bitcoin network came into existence with Satoshi Nakamoto mining the genesis block of bitcoin (block number 0), which had a reward of 50 bitcoins. Embedded in the coinbase of this block was the text: The Times Jan/03/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks." (wikipedia)

     Bitcoin prices are tempting to assess.  Cryptocurrency is a volatile investment.  

     Quad-annually, “the halving,” where the supply of new crypto coins rewarded to miners gets cut in half, is up for debate.  Thus far, this has occurred in 2012, 2016,  and 2020.  In comparison to stock investment peaks and troughs, now is the time to invest.

     Blockchain led us into the cryptocurrency generation.  Bitcoin started off at $0.  Now, moving into 2022, Bitcoin is worth $41,730.60.  

     There's a new demand for old coins.  

     There's an overwhelmingly positive performance of Bitcoin.  It's an amazing currency, and a great purchase. We know this rollercoaster ride won't last.  It's not over, yet.

     Why is Bitcoin so outstanding?

     Trading Bitcoin is easy. Liquidity. Bitcoin is a priority for lots of advanced platforms.  Exchanges are making room for BTC.  Online brokerages are at attention.  Cash conversion transactions are quick.  Currency transfers are available. Profitability + liquidity.  Market demand has them in the short term and long term brackets to outrun the competition.

     Inflation is upon us.  Cryptocurrency is close to achieving herd immunity from inflation. BTC has a low risk of inflation. BTC is currently going through government scrutiny.  Governments will produce there own versions.  The blockchain system expands infinitely.

     Bitcoin provides investors with new opportunity.  The entire cryptocurrency outlook hasn't been among us that long.  Patterns are completely evolving.  New coins are becoming mainstream, daily.  All of the volatility involved constructs a pathway for huge gains.

     Trading is excessively convenient.  The term is minimalistic trading.  Unlike stock trading, no license or certificate is required.  It is convenient to enable buying and selling, on a whim.  The trade is instant.  Stock trades take days.

          "30% of small business merchants in the United Arab Emirates, Hong Kong, Singapore and Brazil plan to offer customers the option to pay using cryptocurrency in the coming months. Digital currencies have taken off in each of those jurisdictions.  19% of small businesses in the United States, and 8% in Canada expect to offer cryptocurrency as a payment option in 2022." (Reuters)

     United States cryptocurrency regulations are on the horizon.  These regulations, once imposed, should strengthen the ecosystem and boost investor confidence. As of February 2022, the U.S. President administration has been preparing an executive order concerning cryptocurrencies.  The Feds wish to upskill agencies and departments with a coordinated policy response.  There is an accent on maintaining U.S. global leadership.  The Feds are raising the digital currency, CBDC, Central Bank Digital Currency.

     Bitcoin is decentralized.  Anonymous transactions. CBDC is controlled by a central bank.  The central bank will have a record of users and their transactions.

          "It is a good time to look for some opportunities, some of which are trading at a substantial discount to where they were just a few weeks ago." (nasdaq)

     Crypto: BTC, "Bitcoin is an innovative payment network and a new kind of money." (bitcoin.org)

     Volatility vaporization.  The outlook on Bitcoin investments for 2022 is nice.

Blog Jokes

Genius Teenager:  

"I failed my biology test. I mislabeled every body part but one."

Genius Dad:  

"At least your heart was in the right place."

Economic Launch to Space

     The EARTH has been completely colonized since long, long ago.  Colonies translate into economies.  Space economy.  The first step will include a space colony.

     "The exploration and use of outer space shall be carried out for the benefit and in the interests of all countries and shall be the province of all mankind."

(ifrc.org)

     Humanity has explored in a 360° pattern.  The path less traveled is an upward opening interval.  We've used the off-road trucks. We've used the submarines.  Space ships are more expensive. Let's use space ships.

     Now, upward mobility is drastically changing with rocket, electronic, and technological advancements. Space will take its place on the lists of top ten travel destinations.  Earth's atmosphere will have rest stops with restrooms.

     "How long will it be until we get there?"

(Quote: unknown author)

     Why did the star decide to take a vacation?

It needed some space. (rd.com)

     Global citizens will be applying for travel credit cards that include frequent "space" travel miles.  At the 63 miles marker, we might see a satellite that reads, "Welcome to space.".

     Why 62 miles/100 kilometers?  The Karma line is the boundary.

     Earth ends and outer space starts at the Kármán line, some 62 miles (100 kilometers) above the planet’s surface.  (astronomy.com)

     "The Kármán line is based on physical reality in the sense that it roughly marks the altitude where traditional aircraft can no longer effectively fly. Anything traveling above the Kármán line needs a propulsion system that doesn’t rely on lift generated by Earth’s atmosphere — the air is simply too thin that high up. In other words, the Kármán line is where the physical laws governing a craft's ability to fly shift. "   (astronomy.com)

     Space economy includes tourism, production, trade and commerce goods and services taking place between Karman line and above.

     "Right now, you see a lot of attention on the launch business,” says Phillip Ingle, a Managing Director in Investment Banking.

     The horizon dawns large launch companies in opposition to  the traditional government providers.  One thing these companies have in common is the economic outlook of their chief executives.  Small launch side companies are focused on launching smaller, lower-cost satellites into orbit.  The global low-cost satellite market revenue is boosted.  The major factors are an increased demand for low-cost satellites, high requirement of small satellites for research missions, and rising investments in developing cheaper and miniature satellite systems.  The currently competitive companies include: Thales Alenia Space, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Planet Labs, Inc., GomSpace, Blue Canyon Technologies, Dauria Aerospace, Spire Global, Inc., AxelSpace Corporation, Swarm Technologies, Inc, GeoOptics, Inc., and others unmentioned.

     Small launch companies are profitable.  There is increasing demand to launch smallsats.  It is estimated that a single satellite launch can range in cost from a low of about $50 million to a high of about $400 million.  The launch business is implanting itself into the the foundation of the space ecosystem.  CubeSat is very common.  It's used in interplanetary missions for space research.  CubeSat enhances communication and data collection. In contrast to larger satellites, these low-cost satellites require cheaper and smaller launching vehicles. In addition, being cost-effective, it is economical to launch these satellites in multiples.  Large satellites are much less cost efficient. These low-cost satellites have low launch risks and faster turnover rate.  They offer a cost-effective method for earth observation through remote sensing.  They deliver high temporal and spatial resolution imageries for monitoring and studying various processes. Some of the observed processes include: vegetation, land cover, oceanography, and inland water. CubeSat also offers in-depth analysis of factors such as water scarcity, poverty, climate change, and urbanization among others. Low-cost satellites such as microsatellites or nanosatellites are also used in military applications such as navigation, military communications, and intelligence gatherings.

     Launch companies are trying to lower the cost of launch.  The purpose is to launch cheaper, easier, and faster.  The ecosystem is satellites to services.  Space marketplace.  The launch companies depend on satellite manufacturers.  The manufacturers rely on services companies.  Services companies box in satellite broadband, low-earth-orbit imaging and weather monitoring.  

This is a positive feedback loop.  (morganstanley.com)

     Production, distribution, trade, and consumption of goods and services are the economy.  That definition will soon include areas in zero gravity.  Outer space will evolve into a social domain.  The new economy will spawn from the first space colonies.  Reaching that point will force business law above the Karma line, and beyond.

Second Messengers in Cell Signaling

     Second messengers (SMs) are intracellular substances that mediate cell activity by relaying signals from an extracellular molecule bound to a cell's surface.  A second messenger can be a neurotransmitter or a hormone.  The second messenger travels from receptor to effector.  (National Center for Biotechnology Information)

     SMs are abundant. SMs are present in low concentrations in a cell at rest.  Once the resting cell is stimulated, SMs are rapidly produced.  SMs are released as fast as they're made. Microseconds.  SMs specifically bind to target proteins.  Cellular signaling spreads downstream.

     SMs four major classes: 

1. Cyclic nucleotides that signal within the cytosol.  cAMP/PKA. cGMP/PKG.  PDE regulated.
2. Lipid messengers that signal within cell membranes.  IP3, and DAG.  PIP3, and AKt signaling.  Sphingolipid controlled apoptosis. Lysolipids, prostaglandins, and other eicosanoids.
3. Ions that signal within and between cells.   Intracellular calcium levels are controlled by an assortment of channels, pumps, transporters, buffers, and effector moieties.  Magnesium.
4. Gasesous free radicals that signal throughout the cell and neighboring cells.

     SMs bind to specific proteins, alter the proteins,  and relay signals.  These are homeostatically controlled mechanisms. (Brittanica)

     Enzymes catalytic activity is modified by the direct binding of the SMs. Amplification takes place simultaneously with the activation of multiple target enzymes by a single second messenger molecule.

     Let's glance at caffeine. (IUPAC)

     Caffeine enhances the action of cAMP by inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase.  Phosphodiesterase functions to degrade cAMP.  The enhancement of cAMP activity contributes to the action of caffeine.  Prolonged excitement.

     Second messengers (SMs) are centralized in the ability to respond rapidly to information.

Super Casual Dress Code in the Workplace

     Super casual dress code in the workplace, is also known as business casual.

     Business casual in the workplace is defined as less formal than traditional office clothing but professional enough for an office community. Stir up traditional business style and a more relaxed style.

     "Business attire is the clothing you wear in professional settings. You might decide how to dress depending on the type of office you work in, for an interview or for a meeting. There are varying levels of business attire ranging from “casual” to “business formal.” Based on the setting, you can decide which kind of business attire is appropriate. Let’s take a closer look at the different types of business attire, examples of clothing types and the situations they’re appropriate for."

     "Smart casual is another form of casual business attire with a stylish twist. You might include more trendy pieces of clothing if dressing in smart casual. This type of business attire is appropriate for more flexible offices including informal settings. You might also choose to wear smart casual in an interview for a more informal office. This way, you fit in with their informal dress code while still maintaining a clean, professional look that communicates that you care about your appearance." Indeed.com

     Men buffer the super macho mode.  Women tone the sublime erotica office wear.  Going to work is the special occasion.  Primp properly.  It's okay to show your confidence.

     Super macho- powerful sense of masculinity.

     Sublime erotica- strongly marked purity of arousal.

     Men and women with a taste for fashion completely dig it.  Men and business mix it up with: button-downs, dress pants, and nice shoes.  Women and business turn it up with dresses, button-downs, slacks, and dress shoes.  Mix and match it up.  Make it your own.

     Add in COVID-19 face masks, and you're ready for work.

INFLATION 2021

     Currently, there is a continuing rise in the U.S. general price level.  This increase is attributed to the increase in the volume of money and credit relative to available goods and services.  Inflation is upon us.  Money value decreases while prices increase.  COVID-19 is the obvious cause of this effect. The U.S. GDP is at the epicenter.

     We, as citizens of the U.S., have turned our attention towards how much we're  paying for the totality of the things we consume.  The recent intensification and inflation may be on a short time schedule.  Some consumers are cautiously witnessing the slowdown in the U.S. GDP.  Others have been awaiting its arrival.  Controlled inflation is a healthy byproduct of a growing economy.  It had been stagnant for so long that economists were furrowing their eyebrows.

     "As with the April report, the May CPI inflation reporte from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) highlighted that prices rose across the board by a lot.  Overall, prices in May climbed 5% year over year, the biggest such gain in the headline CPI data since August 2008. Even when you strip out volatile food and energy prices—so-called core CPI inflation—prices rose by 3.8% year over year in May (forbes.com)."

     Investors need to know that inflation will remain enlarged.  The stock market will make a noticeable shift.  A selloff, approximately 15%, will take place. Investors, get on your toes.

     "Persistently high inflation will move the 10-year Treasury yield to 2% and get the Federal Reserve to start tapering its stimulus by the end of the year. Both will rattle the stock market(MarketWatch.com)."

     As the bull market proceeds, stocks will go higher.  Companies are positioning for strong economic growth. Earnings are higher, valuations are lower, and investors feel more comfortable.

     Famous Thoughts on Inflation: 

     "Inflation is taxation without legislation."

          -Milton Friedman,

1912 through 2006, (A Theory of the Consumption Function)- author, famous for his point of view, Keynesian view.  Individuals and households adjust their expenditures on consumption to reflect their current income. He stated, people’s annual consumption is a function of their permanent income.

     "The lesson is clear. Inflation devalues us all."

          -Margaret Thatcher, 

1925 through 2013, accelerated the evolution of the British economy from statism to liberalism.

     '...the deficit levels...are unsustainable. At a certain point, other countries stop buying debt, we have to raise interest rates, and it will create economic inflation."

          -Barack Obama, 

1961, U.S. President 2009 through 2017, utilized new policies, diplomacy, and rhetoric in order to reverse a sharp decline in world opinion toward this country.

     In my opinion, our Labor Force should experience a severe wage increase.  Our struggling workers deserve to be able to pay bills and live a comfortable life.

     Possible results with wage increases could result in a market pointed towards inflation.  Wage push inflation might result.  Wage push inflation is an overall rise in the cost of goods that results from a rise in wages (investopedia.com).  

     We're already going through inflation.  We might as well pay a higher wage to everyone.

     To maintain corporate profits after an increase in wages, employers must increase the prices they charge for the goods and services they provide.  The federal and state governments have the power to increase the minimum wage.  With a higher money supply, consumers have more spending power, so the demand for goods increases. An increase in demand for goods then increases the price of goods in the broader market.

     Inflation can be stopped.  Governments can use wage and price controls to fight inflation, but that can cause recession and job losses. Governments can also employ a contractionary monetary policy to fight inflation by reducing the money supply within an economy via decreased bond prices and increased interest rates.

     The government is already acting.  

     "Amid a booming economy and rising inflation, the Federal Reserve this week could signal that it's likely to move up the timetable for withdrawing the extraordinary stimulus measures it has enacted during the COVID-19 pandemic (USAtoday.com)."

Impotence. What causes the condition?

     The state of being impotent (Merriam-Webster).  You could have a weak libido.  Sexual uselessness isn't considerable.  Erectile-dysfunction is the result of many causes.

     Are you suffering from depression?  The brain is very important. Concentration is the key. Depression kicks desire and rolls into erectile dysfunction. Depression treatment drugs suppress your sex drive.  Forget about an erection.

     How much alcohol have you consumed?  A few drinks, to get in the mood, are permissive.  Extreme inebriation will fight off an erection. Aim towards three, or fewer drinks per day (CDC.gov).

     Medications aren't negotiable.  Examine the contents of your medicine cabinet. Label typed side-effects might specifically stipulate erectile-dysfunction, (ED).  Blood pressure drugs, pain medications, and antidepressants tussle with the tool . Do not cease taking medicines without consulting with your doctor.  Street drugs like amphetamines, cocaine, and marijuana can cause sexual problems in men, too.  Pay attention.

     Are you stressed?  Mood swings aren't helpful. Stress is a penis pull in the opposite direction. Think of making lifestyle changes.  Lean towards well-being and relaxation.  Seek out exercising regularly, and getting enough sleep.

     Anger is rough.  Anger can make the blood rush to your face.  An erection is a blood rush to the penis.  Rage is not romance.  Your body experiences the fight or flight response during an anger episode.  An erection is complicated at that moment.  Getting strung up will definitely pose a risk to getting impotency.

     Are you and anxiety best buds?  Worrying that you won't perform will lead you into error engrossment. Anxiety spills into everything. You will fear intimacy.  It's vicious.  Take it one step at a time.

     Middle-aged mass spread can become unsexy.  Stay in shape.  Extra pounds can impact your sexual performance.  Maintain your self-esteem. Obese men have lower levels of the male hormone testosterone.  An erection is the result of sexual desire. Obesity is linked to high blood pressure and hardening of the arteries, which can reduce blood flow to the penis. (mayoclinic.org)

     Work on your self image.  Stop at the mirror.  Whisper something nice to yourself.  When you don't like what you see in the mirror, you start to reason that your mate agrees with you.  A negative self-image can point towards penis performance anxiety.  Sex is too much work.

     Why is your libido low?  Low libido and erectile dysfunction have the same factors that stifle an erection.  Those factors also foul your fascination with sex.

     A toast to your health. 

Health conditions affect the nerves, muscles, or blood flow that is needed to have an erection. Diabetes, high blood pressure, hardening of the arteries, spinal cord injuries, and multiple sclerosis drive erectile dysfunction. Prostate or bladder problem surgery can also affect the nerves and blood vessels that control an erection.  The entire process to form an erection is scientifically sensitive.

     Erection enhancement solutions are everywhere (WebMD.com).  Talk to your doctor about your erection problems. Your doctor can pinpoint the problem source.  Apply lifestyle interventions.   Quit smoking.   Lose weight.  Research some ED drugs.  Try out some hormone treatments. Suction devices are useful. Try counseling, also.