Global corporations and businesses

A global corporation is a multinational enterprise or multinational corporation with extensive operations in multiple foreign countries (https://books.google.com/books?id=rk4xL2XNrocC&pg=PR25&lpg=PR25&dq=management+schermerhorn+11&source=bl&ots=qHx9ciWGF9&sig=SbeMzyy-AxqPTSxicYMlUzbb2KY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjNjrrLpNnTAhVkzlQKHaWYC8MQ6AEIRjAE#v=onepage&q=management%20schermerhorn%2011&f=false).

Global businesses are under global management.  There is no room for errors. Bad business is challenged by bad press, public criticism, damaged reputation, and consumer defections.  As we delve deeper into globalization, interdependence among elements stemming from all over the world, we have to accurately reference the global economy.  Once there is an accurate interpretation of the global economy, goals can be easily achieved. Currently, China has quite a few astonishing numbers in the global economy.

China Global Manufacturing Exports:

-70% worlds' umbrellas

-60% worlds' buttons

-72% United States' shoes

-50% United States' appliances

-80% United States' toys

Why pursue international business?  Great question.

-Profits- global operations offer new and greater profit potential.

-Customers - global operations offer new markets to sell products.

-Suppliers - operations offer access to new products and services.

-Capital - global operations offer access to financial resources.

-Labor - global operations offer access to lower labor costs.

-Risk - global operations spread assets among multiple countries.

G.E. and Exxon Mobil are global and recognized as transnational corporations. Transnational corporations operate globally without a strong national identity, and with a worldwide mission.  Global corporations can benefit host countries by offering broader tax bases, new technologies, and employment opportunities.

The size and presence of the GCs can work in the negative direction, too.  GCs can cause problems for host countries if they interfere in local government, extract excessive profits, and dominate the local economy.   There are also laws against GC economic interference. The US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act prohibits American multinational corporations from engaging in bribery and corrupt practices abroad.

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act is the jewel in the crown of America’s fight against international business bribes and corporate favors. The FCP Act intended to promote American business and foreign-policy ideals around the world, and give US companies a tool to battle corruption abroad.  It has also helped other countries crack down on bribery, and has extracted billions of dollars in fines (https://qz.com/927217/one-of-the-worlds-best-weapons-against-bribery-and-corruption-is-under-threat-from-trump/)

Nike had its brand image hugely damaged through utilizing "sweat shops" and low wage workers in developing countries. Maintaining the highest ethical standards while operating in developing countries is an important consideration for all GCs.  These accusations began in the 70's, and continued on.  In 2005, Nike became the first in it's industry to publish a complete list of the factories it contracts with.  Nike continues to post its commitments, standards, and audit data as part of it's corporate social responsibility reports (http://www.businessinsider.com/how-nike-solved-its-sweatshop-problem-2013-5).

Although they're humongous, GCs can be controlled.  Fortune magazine ranks these GCs on the Global 500 list.

Global 500 Top Ten: (http://fortune.com/global500/2015/)

The Global 500 companies on this list are ranked, via fortune.com, by total revenues for their respective fiscal years ended on or before March 31, 2015. All companies on the list must publish financial data and report part or all of their figures to a government agency.

Walmart- Bentonville, Arkansas

Sinopec Group- Beijing, China

Royal Dutch Shell- The Hague, Netherlands

China National Petroleum- Beijing, China

Exxon Mobil- Irving, Texas

British Petroleum (BP)- London, Britain

State Grid- Beijing, China

Volkswagon- Wolfsburg, Germany

Toyota motor- Toyota, Japan

Glencore - Baar, Switzerland

A global corporation, also called a multinational company, is a business that operates in two or more countries.

Gonbup comics

Gonbup comics

The Cell Cycle

     Cell cycle- (http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/mobileart.asp?articlekey=7107)

     A cell is the basic unit of life.

     How do we make new cells?

     A cell is a microscopic structure containing nuclear and cytoplasmic material enclosed by a semipermeable membrane and, in plants, a cell wall; the basic structural unit of all organisms.  We have prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

     A prokaryotic cell possesses a simple structure with no nuclear envelope and usually a single circular chromosome. A eukaryotic cell possesses a more complex structure, with a nucleus and multiple linear chromosomes consisting of DNA complexed to histone proteins.

     Cell reproduction requires a copy of the genetic material, separation of the copy, and cell division. In a prokaryotic cell, the single chromosome replicates, each copy moves toward opposite sides of the cell, and the cell divides. In eukaryotic cells, reproduction requires mitosis and meiosis to ensure that a complete set of genetic information is transferred to each new cell.  In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are typically found in homologous pairs.

     Functional chromosomes consist of a centromeres, telomeres, and multiple origins of replication. The centromere is the point at which the kinetochore assembles and to which microtubules attach.  Telomeres are the stable ends of chromosomes.  After a chromosome is copied, the two copies remain attached to the centromere, forming sister chromatids.

     The cell cycle consists of the stages through which a eukaryotic cell passes between cell divisions.  It consists of:  G-subzero, Interphase, G-subone, A-phase, G-subtwo, M-phase, Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis.

     "The cell cycle governs the entire life of a cell, including growth, division and death. There are defined phases of the cell cycle, during which the cell grows, duplicates its DNA and eventually divides into two new cells (http://sciencing.com/cell-cycle-20206.html)."

     At the end of the cell cycle the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.  Sister chromatids separate and become independent chromosomes, which then migrate to opposite ends of the cell.  The nuclear membrane reforms around chromosomes at each end of the cell, and the cytoplasm divides.

     Mitosis results in the production of two genetically identical cells. Progression through the cell cycle is controlled by interactions between cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases.

     Sexual reproduction produces genetically variable progeny and allows for accelerated evolution.  It includes meiosis, in which haploid sex cells are produced, and fertilization, the fusion of sex cells.

     The major events of meiosis include: Meiosis one, Prophase one, Metaphase one, Anaphase one, Telophase one, Cytokinesis, Meiosis two, Prophase two, Metaphase two, Anaphase two, Telophase two, and Cytokinesis.

     Genetic variation in meiosis is produced by crossing over and by the random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes.  The result of meiosis is the production of four haploid cells that are genetically variable.

     "Genetic variation can refer to differences between individuals or to differences between populations. Mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation, but mechanisms such as sexual reproduction and genetic drift contribute to it as well (https://geneed.nlm.nih.gov/topic_subtopic.php?tid=48&sid=50)."

     Grasping mitosis and meiosis requires more than simply memorizing the sequence events that take place in each stage, although these events are important.  The key is to understand how genetic information is apportioned in the course of cell reproduction through a dynamic interplay of DNA synthesis, chromosome movement, and cell division.  These processes bring about the transmission of genetic information and are the basis of similarities and differences between parents and progeny.

Douglas McGregor Theory X and Theory Y

     In our present society, we work at jobs with many different individuals.  Organizations have managers.

     We have to cope with taking orders, at some point, so that the job is consistent.  Some people that give the orders are managers.  Are you, as a manager, able to do the job without getting stressed out, or over worked?  Your performance is a stepping stone.  Career paths are long, and arduous.  The paths are clearly cut, though. Managerial positions have been researched.  Many books are available on the subject of how to be the best manager possible.

     You have heard of Douglas McGregor.  

     Douglas Murray McGregor-

1906 –1964, a management professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management.  He was president of Antioch College from 1948 to 1954. In 1960, he published the book, The Human Side of Enterprise.  It had a profound influence on education practices (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_McGregor).

     Mr.  McGregor models his works after Hawthorne and Maslow. The Human Side of Enterprise, advances the thesis that managers should give more attention to the social self-actualizing needs of people at work ( https://www.amazon.com/Human-Side-Enterprise-Annotated/dp/0071462228).
McGregor insisted that managers shift their view of human nature away from a set of assumptions he called Theory X and toward ones he called Theory Y. Managers shouldn't be hard on their workers.

     Theory X-
X Managers believe workers approach their jobs only to dislike work, lack ambition, are irresponsible, are resistant to change, and prefer to be led rather than to lead. 

     McGregor considers such thinking inappropriate. It is degrading, and unfair to group everyone in this manner.  D. M.  pushed for Theory Y.

     Theory Y-
Y Managers believe people are willing to work, capable of self-control, willing to accept responsibility, imaginative and creative, and capable of self direction.

     According to McGregor Theory X, X Managers are likely to agree with:

-A good paying, secure job is enough to satisfy most workers.
-Most people are afraid to learn new things in their jobs.
-Most people dislike work.
-A manager should closely supervise and direct the work of subordinates.
-Most people tend to resist change.
-Most people work only as hard as they have to.
-Most people are happiest off of their job.

     According to McGregor Theory Y, Y Managers are likely to agree with:

-A manager should help and coach subordinates in their work.
-Most people like responsibility in their jobs.
-Managers should let subordinates control the quality of their work.
-Most people are creative.
-Workers should be allowed to set their own job goals.
-Most workers really care about the organization they work for.
-A manager should help subordinates advance and grow in their jobs.

     Douglas McGregor's X Y theory is similar to the Hawthorne studies because it has suggested that work behavior is influenced by social, and psychological forces.  Work performance may be improved by better human relations.

     Douglas McGregor's X Y theory is also similar to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of human needs.  There is a hierarchy of human needs. The concept of self-actualization and the potential for people to experience self fulfillment in their work is important.

     Have you looked at Stoneyfield's focus on the triple bottom line of profits, people, and planet.  Maybe you should check yourself on the facets of hypercompetitiveness.

     Hypercompetitiveness produces false feelings of power, churned self-perception, and thin self-worth.  You find yourself in a position where you hate to lose an argument.  Everything is turned into a contest. Hyper competitiveness produces an unsatisfied feeling with the competition unless you win.  In turn, you begin to reason if it will help you when, taking actions to obstruct your opponent is okay.

     Although competitiveness is highly valued in many business situations, hypercompetitiveness forces individuals to ignore ethical boundaries in their attempts to come out on top.  They may even take actions that are unfair, damage society, or are simply illegal.

     What types of businesses are influenced by the two?   Theory X managers produce, while Theory Y managers produce, propagate longevity, and provide standing quality.  Both of these theories can be sifted, purifiied, and diluted into behaviors that are accepted as good/right, bad/wrong.

     Theory Managers have to cope with giving orders, at some point, so that the job is consistent.

  

How to Solve Quadratic Equations

https://youtu.be/0GrZ49eDjBw

How to Solve Quadratic Equations:

Sucrose State of Mind.

     Is sugar always on your mind?

     It could be, because it is an ingredient in everything you eat.  In sad times and happy times, sugar is there.  Sugar can be the best part of a celebration. 

     Valentine's Day is approaching.  What will you give your honey?

Roses are red

violets are blue

sugar is sweet and so are you!

(Author: Unknown)

     Why is sugar sweet?

"All sugars are sweet because they contain OH groups with particular orientation that can interact with the taste receptors for sweetness on our tongues (http://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem2/B4/index.html)."

     How many different ways have you had sugar?  Sugar can be manipulated into works of delectable art.  Sugar products have their own isles in supermarkets.  It is possible to say that you can't go shopping without picking up a product with sugar in the ingredient.

"At the neurobiological level, the neural substrates of sugar and sweet reward appear to be more robust than those of cocaine (i.e., more resistant to functional failures), possibly reflecting past selective evolutionary pressures for seeking and taking foods high in sugar and calories.  The biological robustness in the neural substrates of sugar and sweet reward may be sufficient to explain why many people can have difficultly controlling the consumption of foods high in sugar when continuously exposed to them(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23719144)."

     Basically, sucrose/table sugar is recognized as a drug that effects everyone causing addictions in adults and children.

     These sugar addictions can lead to downward spirals in your health.  Sugar crashes take place. A sugar crash is defined as low blood sugar that occurs after a sugar high.  The condition is reactive hypoglycemia (RH). RH works along side serotonin.  Serotonin is a key neurotransmitter linked to well-being, and bodily equilibrium.  This neurotransmitter brings on symptoms such as depression, anxiety, irritability, confusion, and exhaustion. Hypoglycemia has been linked to phobias, self-isolation, suicidal thoughts, rage, and violence.  

Sugar high-
a sudden and brief burst of energy supposedly experienced after the consumption of food or drink with a high sugar content (https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/sugar_rush)

     Individuals are hooked on acquiring a sugar high. There are done healthy alternatives, though.

     Always remember your food groups. Choose wisely.

- Vegetable Group: 2.5 cups total for five servings each day. Choose a variety of vegetables of different colors, including dark green and orange.

- Fruit Group: 2 cups total for four servings each day. Choose a variety of fruits of different colors.

- Milk Group: 3 cups each day. Yogurt, milk, and cheese (low-fat or fat-free versions are best).

- Meats and Beans Group: 5.5 ounces total for two or three servings each day. Lean meats, chicken, eggs, nuts, dried beans/ peas, and fish.

- Oils: six teaspoons or servings each day. Choose mono- and polyunsaturated oils.

- Discretionary Calories: a small amount. An allotment of 100 to 300 calories can be used on foods with fats or sugars, like dessert.

Sucrose- a crystalline disaccharide, C(12)H(22)O(11), the sugar obtained from sugarcane, sugar beet, and sorghum.

     Sucrose isn't the sweetest thing out there. Syrup is 1.5 times sweeter than table sugar.  Sugar isn't a state of mind.  You can choose to stop your sugar addiction.

     In moderation, sugar is ok.  Eat healthy, live healthy, be healthy.